三级三级三级日本99,国产精品自拍9_欧美日韩国产,欧美97视频在线观看,亚洲午夜影视久久久久久,美女鸡鸡干鸡鸡动漫,熟女乱aⅴ一区二区三区,日韩精品成人高清一区二区,久碰人妻人妻人妻人妻人掠,男人将坤坤插入二次元美女下体

SINGAPORE (Bloomberg) -- A possible move by Donald Trump to hurt Venezuela’s oil industry could prove a shot in the arm for the Xi Jinping and Narendra Modi administrations.

If the U.S. decides to deploy a slate of sanctions that it’s said to have drafted against the Latin American nation, American refiners -- the No. 1 consumer of Venezuelan crude exports -- would be forced to cease purchases. That may mean more supply becomes available for the OPEC producer’s other big customers: China and India.

The opportunity to soak up the extra supplies from Venezuela at potentially cheap prices would be a boon for the Asian countries, where the governments are trying to support slowing economic growth. In China, Xi’s administration is trying to implement stimulus measures to shield the public from the effects of its ongoing trade war with the U.S. Meanwhile, Modi’s party is being weighed down by populist pressures before national elections due by May.

Meanwhile, Venezuela will likely be eager to hold on to them as customers, especially after years of economic turmoil has battered the nation’s production and left it with few other buyers in the growing Asian oil market. Other major crude buyers such as South Korea and Japan have largely stopped purchases from the Latin American country, and even China and India have reduced imports.

“The quality of Venezuelan oil has been deteriorating after years of under-investment and aging infrastructure,” said Virendra Chauhan, an analyst at industry consultant Energy Aspects Ltd. “That’s making the country’s crude more difficult for refineries to run, reducing its customer pool. This means it’ll be tough for Venezuela to sell more oil to new markets and customers outside of traditionally active buyers in China and India.”

China imported about 340,000 bpd of crude from Venezuela in the first 11 months of 2018, accounting for 3.7% of total shipments from overseas, government data show. The Asian nation had bought about 437,000 bpd, or about 5.2% of its foreign oil, from the Latin American country in 2017. Venezuela was the fourth-biggest crude supplier to India -- after Iraq, Saudi Arabia and Iran -- in 2018, when it received about 330,000 bpd, 13.6% lower than a year earlier, according to the Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence and Statistics, an arm of the ministry of commerce and industries. The supplies accounted for about 8% of total imports. Reliance Industries Ltd. and Nayara Energy Ltd. are the country’s only buyers of Venezuelan cargoes.

Sanctions uncertainty

One point of uncertainty is whether the potential U.S. action will be similar to measures against Iran that has forced nations across the globe to limit purchases from the Persian Gulf state. Currently, traders in the crude market assume that only American refiners will be required to halt Venezuelan purchases if sanctions are imposed. It’s unclear if the Trump administration plans more expansive restrictions.

Any disruption in Venezuelan supplies is also likely to increase demand for heavy-sour crudes -- the dense, viscous and relatively more sulfurous varieties that the Latin American nation produces.

This could raise competition for similar supplies pumped in the Gulf of Mexico such as Mars, which are not as dense and sulfurous as Venezuelan supplies but is closer in chemical characteristics than U.S. shale oil. It could also draw more Middle East cargoes toward America. Mars oil’s premium to benchmark West Texas Intermediate crude jumped to $7/bbl on Wednesday, the highest level in five years.

U.S. refiners “will need to hustle to secure alternate foreign crude oil supplies to replace short-haul Venezuelan heavy sour with Mexico and the Middle East such as Iraq and Saudi Arabia being the most logical replacements,” said John Driscoll, the chief strategist at JTD Energy Services Pte Ltd.

“Forcing Venezuela into the spot market to dump prompt crude puts them in a corner. Buyers including those in Asia will assume credit and performance risks buying from Venezuela,” he said.